Protein Deficiency: Why Does the Body Lack Protein and What Are Its Symptoms? Doctors Explain

Protein is one of the most vital nutrients for the human body. It helps maintain the strength of muscles, skin, hair, nails, and bones. It also repairs damaged tissues and helps build new cells. Beyond this, protein supports the production of hormones, enzymes, and other essential chemicals that keep the body functioning smoothly. Adequate protein intake boosts energy, enhances immunity, and helps manage weight. On the other hand, insufficient protein can weaken the body and trigger various health problems.

Why does protein deficiency occur?

Protein deficiency often arises due to an unbalanced diet — especially when a person consumes too many carbohydrates and fats while neglecting protein sources.
This issue is more common among vegetarians who do not include enough protein-rich foods in their meals.

Other factors such as digestive disorders, liver or kidney problems, and chronic infections can also impair protein absorption. Over time, this deficiency weakens the body and may cause conditions like anemia, muscle loss, hormonal imbalances, and skin issues. Prolonged deficiency can even suppress immunity, leaving the body more vulnerable to infections.

Symptoms of protein deficiency

According to Dr. Daljeet Singh of Max Hospital, the signs of protein deficiency are often visible and progressive:

• Persistent fatigue and weakness due to muscle energy loss

• Hair fall, brittle nails, and dull skin

• Poor growth and weight loss in children

• Lack of concentration and reduced alertness

• In severe cases, swelling (edema), muscle wasting, and frequent infections

• Delayed wound healing, low immunity, and mood fluctuations

If ignored, long-term protein deficiency can lead to serious health complications.

How to prevent protein deficiency

To maintain healthy protein levels, follow these steps:

• Include protein-rich foods like lentils, kidney beans, chickpeas, paneer, milk, eggs, and soya in your daily diet.

• Non-vegetarians can add fish and chicken for additional high-quality protein.

• Consult your doctor before taking any protein supplements.

• Ensure that children and the elderly receive balanced meals with sufficient protein.

• Drink plenty of water to aid digestion and nutrient absorption.